How to Survive a Gas Attack

Опубликовал Admin
4-10-2016, 00:25
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Gas attacks have been around since the 5th century BC, when they were used as chemical warfare. Today, the release of toxic gas might also be the product of a terrorist attack or industrial accident. While you should hope that you never have to experience this, knowing how to recognize and respond to such a threat could save your life.

Steps

  1. Know the properties of various poisonous gases that could be used for a gas attack. These include:
    • Tear gas (lacrimators) - such as chloroacetophenone and o-chlorobenzalmalononitrile; these are often used to disperse crowds. They will impact the eyes, throat, nose, and sometimes skin.
    • Chlorine gas (choking gas) - bleach odor, yellow-green color. Also phosgene and diphosgene are choking gases.
    • Mustard gas (vesicant or blister gas) - colorless, can smell of mustard/garlic/onions or have no smell.
    • Nerve gases - G-agents Sarin, Tabun, Soman and V-agents - odorless, colorless, and tasteless. The poisons enter through the skin, inhalation and ingestion, and death is very fast.
    • Sternutators (vomiting gases) - diphenylaminechloroarsine or adamsite, causes severe sneezing, coughing, nausea and vomiting.

Chlorine Gas

  1. Be aware of any yellow-green gas floating around with the strong smell of bleach. Some soldiers in WWI described it as pepper and pineapple. If you are exposed to chlorine gas, you may have trouble breathing or seeing and will feel a burning sensation.
  2. Move quickly into an area with clean air in order to minimize exposure to the gas.
    • If indoors, exit the building as quickly as possible.
    • If outdoors, move to the highest ground. Since chlorine gas is more dense than air, it will sink to the ground.
  3. Grab a cotton pad or any fabric and soak it in urine. Hold it up to your nose as a mask. The Canadian military survived the first large-scale chlorine gas attack in WWI by using urine instead of water, under the presumption that the urine crystallizes the gas
  4. Remove all clothing that may have been exposed to the gas, being sure not to let the clothes touch your face or head. Cut the clothes off so that they don't need to make additional contact with your skin as they're peeled off. Seal the clothes in plastic bags.
  5. Clean your body thoroughly with a lot of soap and water. Rinse your eyes with water if your vision is blurred or your eyes burn; if you wear contact lenses, throw them away. However, water mixed with Chlorine gas can turn into Hydrochloric acid, so be careful.
  6. Call emergency services and wait for help to arrive.

Mustard Gas

  1. Be aware of a usually colorless gas that smells like mustard, garlic, or onions--but note it doesn't always have an odor. If you are exposed to mustard gas, you may notice the following symptoms but they may not appear until 2 to 24 hours after exposure:
    • redness and itching of skin, eventually changes to yellow blistering
    • irritation of eyes; if exposure is severe, there may be light sensitivity, severe pain, or temporary blindness
    • irritation of respiratory tract (runny nose, sneezing, hoarseness, bloody nose, sinus pain, shortness of breath, and cough)
  2. Move from the area from where it was released onto higher ground, as mustard gas is heavier than air.
  3. Remove all clothing that may have been exposed to the gas, being sure not to let the clothes touch your face or head. Cut the clothes off so that they don't need to make additional contact with your skin as they're peeled off. Seal the clothes in plastic bags.
  4. Rinse any exposed parts of your body with plain water. Eyes should be flushed for 10-15 minutes. Don't cover them with bandages; however, sunglasses or goggles are fine.
  5. Call emergency services and wait for help to arrive.

Tips

  • Stay calm. Panicking may induce rapid breathing, causing you to inhale the gas.
  • Try to turn your back against the wind.
  • Don't eat or drink anything that may have been exposed to the gas.
  • Seal all windows and doors.
  • Carry around a bandana as a quick thing to put around your mouth and nose. This will help protect you and keep you safe from the gas.
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